Intebnal-combustiqir engine



J. A. TOOMEY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.- APPLICATION FILE-D OCT- 29. 1917.

1304,629. I Pathted May 27, 1919;

r 2 SHEETSw-SHEET I.

I. TOOMEY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 001'- 29. Ian.

' Patented May 27', 1919.

'2 shins-sues; 2.

To all within it may concern:

- Be it known that I, JOHN A. TooMmr',-a

taizen 'of th't United States, residing at as A ngeles, in the State of California, have 1nvented a." newand useful Internal-Combus- Ition Engine, of which the followingj is a specification.

My invention relates to internal combustion engines'of the four cycle type, and the objects of my invention are,

First, .to provide a means forinc-reasing or "lessening the compression under which the charge is exploded, thereby increasing or decreasing the power of the engine,

, Second, to provide a. means for carbureting that will vary the mixture to corre-' spond with the compression being used. a 1

"Third, to provide a meansforefi'ectually scavenging the explosion cylinders.

Fourth, toprovidea suitable valve mech anism.

Fifth, 'to provide an effective lubrication and cooling system for this mechanism.

"I attain theseobjects by the mechanism in which "Figure 1 is a verticalcross section of the engine.

' area, a difi'erential piston Fig. 2 is a plan and sectional view'of the engine at certain designated sections. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the intake manifold showing the compression control device and the carbureting device.

Fig. l is a sectional view of the valve mechanism. i Fig. 5is a sectional view of the carbureting-device. 7 a Fi 6 is a sectional yiew of the device controlling the lubricating and cooling syssimila-r letters and figures refer to similar par-ts throughout the several views.

The engine will be of four sets of 'cylindcrs, each set consisting of two superimposed cylinders A and B, havin a differential reciprocating therein; having the rod R connecting with the crank C, the cylinder A is surrounded by the jacket J in which will be the cooling ,JOHN' reams, or LOS'AVNG-ELES, CALIFORNIA.

the .cylinder B. llustrated in the accompanyingdrawings,

[pivoted in the I tensioned by the spring 10. -Bet weenthe 1e- INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

7 Specification of Letters Yatent. PatntedMay 27, 1919. .hpplication file'd October 29,1917. Serial No. 199,066. I

'bricating oil as will be further described.

The engine may follow any approved plan without varying the features of my invention and all parts of a modern internal com- The cylinder B has an automatic intake valve 1 for the admission of air ,which opens by suction and'is closed by a spring. The

cylinders A and Bare connected by the bypass 2 for the purpose of conveying air from B into- A during the scavenging stroke of the a piston.

The manifold 3 connects with cylinder Bv of each set of cylinders and has a spring valve 4 closing each cylinder so that air may pass from each cylinder B into the manifold but no air can pass from the manifold into The manifold 3falso eonnects with the cylinder A of each 'set, the connection being controlled by a valve mechamsm to be further described, the construction being designed so that the air in cylinder B of that set of cylinders which are on the compression stroke will be diverted via the manifold into the cylinder A of that set of cylinders which areon the suction stroke. The manifold 3 and all connectionsare air tight and made to retain air under pressure. The plan being to have the cubic volume of cylinder B greater than that of cylinder A, in order that the quantity of air transferred from B into A will exceed the capacity of A and result in an accumulated pressure of air in the cylinders A and B and in the main-- fold 3. What this pressure will be is regulated by the valve5 which is made part of a the manifold 3, as shown in'FigJ 3. The

valve 5 is pivoted at the endof the lever 6, which is pivoted in the rigid brace 7. Parallel with the lever 6 is the lever 8 which is rigid brace}! and isheld and Vere-.6 and 8 is the .sliding block 11 which transmits the tension of the spring 10 to the lever 6 and holds'the'va lve closed, The block 11 is operated by;the-lever 12 and the i the valve 5.

I and 33,which conveythe airintothe'explosion cylinders, terminating-in the-pert 15 of cumulate in the manifold andin the cylin- 10,

' escape ders'A and 13, The valve5 allowin air to henv the pressure exceeds t e tension of ihe spring 10 exerted through the lever 8,-theblock 11 and the lever upon The manifold 3 has'the branch 31 at right angles with it and divides into the arms 32 each cylinder .A. For the purpose of carbureting the air passing'from the cylinder B.

' into cylinder A the opening of-the manifold- 3 into the branch 31 'is closed by; a'valve '18 which is tensioned by thesprings 19 and.20

which hold the valvecl ed so that the air passing through the manifold will force the .valve upward. The valve 18 consists of a between the tube 221and the casting 23 is cast frame'fitted to the valve seat and cov-' ered with a finewire gauze 30. The stem 21 being rigid WIT/ll the frame and hollow greater or less degree aridto pump game -B0 or less quantity of fuel onto thereby giviri' a definite quantity of fuel tb by-pass port 16 and the exhaust 'port.17, all

a definite v0 ume' of air; 'It'being 'und'er= stood that therpuni described" is accuratelyconstructedand *li ing a .defini te .qusnt'rt given the valve 18-.-

The cylinder A has thezintake 15, the I of which er le eted' a the outer end of the cylinder and spaced sons to be controlled by the rotary :valve 40 which has the ports 401 and 402.: The valve 40 is an inverted of fuel foreach fraction of an li cup and cpmpletely fills theend of the cylinder A. For-the purposeof closing the cylinder'A' and protecting the valve 40 from t 1e force of the explosion I use thehead piece 41 which'is inserted within'the cyan: .dei' and has an extens on 42-exjtending out of the cylinder and'throughi'the top 43 which forms the top for the cylinder castringe [:ThQgouter end of the extension 42 has a screw thread 421, onf'which turns the nut 44 extends into the tube 22 which is cast with e or made apart of the tubular casting 23 which forms the base and has a pipe 244C011- necting with the fuel supply tank ,The nut 26 bolts the casting-23 to thema'nifold 3. The lower end of the stem. 21 is shaped and closed by the ball valve '27 and the opening drawing it back when the air pressureis resign. e e

The head P1808 41 has the packing rings 50 to seal the cylinder 'under pressure and lieved, and thereby-pumping the fuel from the supply tank 25 and .difl'using t upon? the-gauze 30. The force of the air in lifting fuel and carry it into the cylinder A thereby carbureting the air in the cylinder. .'Ihe,;.l ift of the valve18 is controlled by a bell crank inder'A and the plate 46.

as a means for adjusting'thejposition of the' head piece 41- and the valve 40 and givin a correct coincidence of the ports 15, 16, 1 of thejcylinder casting with the ports 401 and 402 of the valve 40 and151-'-161 and 171 of the headpiece 41. .The force of the explosion uponthe head iece, 41 is carried by the cap 48 and the volts 45 and 45 to the plate 46 which is bolted to the main cylinder casting'and relieves the valve 10 of all pressurefexccpt the side pressure at the ports 151, 161 and 1T1.

The plate 46 is common toall thecylindei's and is bolted to the main castingA being cutaway to allow the valve 40 andthe extension -12 to pass through, it forms a bearing for the valve 10 which is ground to a perfect fit with the head The valve =10 has aspur gear 47 attached to it and is driven from the-crank shaft by the worm gears 47 and 48.- The detail of the connection with the crank shaft not being shown as this may follow any approved despark plug because of its being directly 'exp'osed' to the pivoted above the valve 18 Withinthe branch31. vThe crank 35 is connected with the lever 12 by the rod -36- which has the turnbuckle 37 for adjustment, *so that as the lever 12 is moved to vary the compression as before described, the bell crank 35 is moved and allows the valve 18 to lift a heat of the explosion itis roposed to use a lubricating oilas the coo in medium of this engine. I therefore will 11 the jacket piece 41, the cyl- J and the head casting 43 with lubricating oil, the plate46 being cut away .at 52 to allow a free circulation, The cooling-and 111- bricating medium may be kept separate from the-lubricating system of the engine v formlfrbm the oil.

and a separate. pump and radiator if I have'desig'ned to use onl'y one i system and-for thepur'pos'e of radiation' and cooling oft-he oil h ve placed radiating fins- 5,on' the pan CC wl ch forms-the oil sump of.

As 'before stated the cubic volume of cy1- 65 inder ,B exceeds that ofcylinder lfi and the volume of air transferred 'into *cylinder'A 11m nsina compressionof fair in linder 6'..-Q g .1ie. The oil pump 61 is directly "connected; to thep'an CO by the connection :63, and is designed to pump the oil under' pressure so as to force the oil 'via the tube 10 64 to all parts of the engine that need forced lubrication, The amount of pressure used being controlled by the valve 65 which may be adjusted by the screw piece 66 releasing v or compressing the spring'67 against the thevent 7 0' to allow for the 86- I cu-mul'zit n and escape of any gas thatmay Th forgoin valve system may be'varied and any suitab e valve mechanism may be used. I wish here to point out that the cylinder B maybe eliminated and the crank 80 casedivided to form a compression chamber 7 for each cylinder. The reciprocating piston drawing theair into and forcing it out =ofthe crank caseiin place-of the described cylinder B. -The manifold, the control element; and the: other. features of the engine remaining the same "Havi described the mechanism the oper- 'ation w il l be as follows: In-jevery tworevoe lutions of the crank each set of cylinders -wil1 have a suction, compression, explosion and exhaust stroke. If thereforethe piston of any set of cylinders is onvthe downward stroke, air will be drawn intocylind'er B through the valve 1, and if this be the explo;

4 sion stroke of the cylinder'A of that set of cylinders, at the end-of the downward strokethe valve 40 will open, first the exhaust port l .17 and then the by-pass'port 16 and, 1 on the upwardjstroke of the piston the airjin' cylins 0' der B will pass via the by-pass' 'z andthe port 16 into the cylinder A and out via the exhaust port 17 scavenging cylinder Afof all; burnt gas. On the second downward stroke of the piston, airv isafgain drawn 'intof'B through the valve 1 andthis being the com'-' pression stroke the bypass and all portsare' closed by the valve 40-.a'nd the air is forced to pa'ssthrou h the valve 4 into the 'manifold Band lifting the valve 18 it will bevear- 6Q bureted by pas'sm through the gauze-3Q 'andwill pass into t e cylinder "A of that'set V of c'ylinders'whichare on'the suction stroke,- the valve 0: of that set'having the-porti15 suction of the piston only. {This gives a to exploding thecharge under high compres' A;-,,; Wha t this pressure will .be" epends upon the valve 5 which opens when the air pressure exceeds the tension of the spring 10 and thus regulates the'pressurev Compression and explosion of the gas'follows and the cycle is repeated for. each set of cylinders.

It should be noted that the block 11 may 15 .be' moved. to th'e point a:. when all tension on thevalve 5 being removed the valve would open and the engine would" be operated, by

range of compression varyingffrom a lowso standard up to and limited by one that would cause a: premature ignition of the charge. The compression'space of cylinder A being so designed that the suction posi'- tion of the valve 5- would give a com-pres sion as low as desired but which may be increased by control of the valve 5 to the highest practicalrompressio'n, gaining thereby the advantages of'an increase of power due sion and having combined with it the in-. creased power due toqincreasin'g the volume of gas exploded, for it will be'n'oted that the increase of compression is obtained byincreasin the volume of gas to be com- 5- pressed, app ying to an internal combustion englne the principle of a progressive conithe valve 40 meeha I shaft, cylinder} pression and giving to it a 'rangecof power similar to ;a steam engine.

I am aware that certain parts and details 0 of my engine have been in'usebefore and are;- here claimed only in combination with the improvements I have made I and which I claimtobe'- i 1. In an apparatus of the kind described, an internal combustion engine having-four sets of difl'erential area cylinders A andB, each cylinder A' having the ports 15, 16 and 17 the fixed head piece 41in which are the ports 151, 161, 171 to register with the ports -;5,-' 16, 1'1 of the cylinder, 'a-rotary valve 40 in -'wh 1ch are the ports V401 and 402 to register" wlth the ports 15, 16, 1 7 a'nd-the ports 151, 161., 171; andf ontroltheintake and exhaust ofigas and air, means. for, operating cally. froml'the crank having the valve. 1 the --by-pas's2 and the valvekt-fo'rthe intake and exhaust ofair,.a" difi'erential 'piston'l reciprocative in each" set, of cylinders, a conne'ctlngr rod R for each piston,-a crank shaft S, a manifold 3 .connectmg 'all; cylinders B, the branch '31andthe arms 32 and 33 to convey air from the cylinder 'B' to the ports 15-bieach cylinder, A, all in combination, with the valve 5, the levers '6 and 8,.the sliding block 11,the spring 10 and means'fori'moving theblock '11 to ,vary the tension of the spring in c linders,'the rotary valve 40 in which are t eports 401 and 402 to register with the ports 15 16,17 and 151, 161, 171-and control the intake and exhaust of gas and air, m eans for. operating the valve '40 mechanically 11i ing the valve 1, the by-pass 2 and valve 4 for the intake and exhaust of air, a differential piston P reciprocatin in each set of cylin- -ders, a connecting ro R for each piston, a 80' crank shaft S, a manifold 3 connecting all of v 33 for conveying the air from the cylin- 'B to the port 15 of each cylinder A, the -5,th e plvotedlevers 6 and 8, the slid: r lock 11, the spring 10, means for sliding the. locklland to-vary the tension of the 10 and thereby control'the valve 5, lin combination with the valve 18, the prings 19'and 20, the gauze 30, the stem-21, the hollow "tube 22, the casting23, the piping the fuel suppl tank 25, the nut 26, the bvalves 27an 28,- the, packing case 29, the red 34, as a means for carbureting the air passing from the cylinders B into cylinder's A,.substantially as described. a a 3.' In' an apparatus of the kind described, an' internal combustion engine having four sets of differential area cy i each cylinder A having the ports 15, 16, 17, the fixed head-piece 41 in which are the ports 151,161, 171 to register with the ports 15, 16,17 of the cylinders, the rotary valve 40in which are the ports 401, 402 to register with the ports 15, 16, 17 and 151, 161, 17 land control the intake and exhaust of gas and 1 air, incans for operating the valve 40 mechanically from the crank shaft, each cylinder B having the valve 1, the bypass'2 and the valve 4 for-the intake and exaust of air, a differential area piston P reciprocating ineach set of cylinders, a connectin'grod R for each piston, acrank shaft S, a manifold 3 connecting all of the cyl- 33 for conveying air from the cylinders B to the port15 of each cylinder A, the valve' 5, the pivoted levers 6'and 8, the spring 10,

the sliding block 11, the valve18, the springs .19 and 120, the gauze 30, the stem 21, the .5

pressors, a crankshaft, connecting rods for from the crank shaft, each cylinder B have 'sions connecting'it with thesaid explosion cylinders B,the branch 31" and arms 32 'bureter and explosion cylinder, and means thereby controlling the volume of carbureted nders A and B,

described.

'ing in combination explosion cylinders and space formed in each explosion cvlin er, be- 1 tween the piston and t i inders B, the branch 3liand the arms 32 and mam of gas to the varying volume of air substan- "tially as described.

4; In an internal combustion engine, having in combination explosion cylinders and air compressors, a manifold connecting all of said air compressors, automatic valves in each air compressor for the intake of air into 'said air compressor and the exhaust of said air into the manifold, reciprocating pistons in said explosion cylinders and air comeach piston to the crank shaft, an explosion space formed in each explosion e linder between the piston and the cylin er head, a branch from saidmanifold having extenspace in each cylinder, a carburetin device lwated in the said branch designed to carburet the air passing from the manifold into thri explosion space, valves in each explosion cy inder, operated mechanically from the crank shaft, for theintake of carbureted air from the manifold, and the exhaust of burnt' gas from the cylinder, means for the .compression and explosion of sa id air in the cylinder, said air compressors'desi'gned to create an air pressure in the manifold'and explosion cylinders, an air control element located in t 1e manifold, designed to operate bysaid air pressure anddivert part of the said air and prevent it from entering thecarfor changing said air! control element and air-entering said explosion space, and the compresslon created therein, substantially as 5'. In an internal combustion engine, havalr'compressors, a manifold connecting all of said air compressors, automatic valves in I each air compressor for the intake of air into said air compressor-and the exhaust of the air into-the manifold, reciprocating pistons in said explosion cylinders and air compressors, a crank shaft, connecting rods for each piston to the crank shaft, an ex losion e c linder head, a 1 branch from said manifol having extensions connecting it with the said explosion space in each cylinder, a carbureting device located in said branch-designed to carburet the air passing from the manifold into the l exploslon space, valves in each explosion cylinder, operated mechanicall from the crank shaft, for the intake of car ureted air from the manifold, and the'exhaust of burnt gas from the cylinder, means for the boinpres- 1 sion and explosion of said air m'the cylinder, said air compressors desi ed to create amair'nressare .in-the mani d and" explosion cylinders. an air control elei'nent located in the manifold, designed to operate by said air pressure and divert part of said air and prevent it from entering the car- 5 bureter and the explosion cylinder,' means for changing said aircontrol element, means i for changing said carbu'reting device, and meansjomtly operating the said air control and carbureter control and thereby control the mixture of air and gas entering the ex- 10 plosion cylinder and the compression created therein, substantially as described.

vJOHN A. TOOMEY. Witnesses:

HUBERT QUINN,

ROSE J. E'BERIJNE. 

